Kidney Failure and Dialysis: What to Expect

Kidney failure — also called renal failure or end stage renal disease (ESRD) — means kidney function has become severely reduced and the kidneys can no longer adequately perform their normal functions without additional treatment or support. This corresponds to CKD stage 5 (eGFR below 15).

Acute vs. chronic kidney failure

Acute kidney failure (acute kidney injury) happens suddenly, often from illness, severe dehydration, or a reaction to medication, and can sometimes be reversed if the cause is identified and treated quickly. Chronic kidney failure (end stage renal disease) is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, developing gradually over years, and is not expected to reverse.

Symptoms of kidney failure

Symptoms at this stage can include significant swelling, marked fatigue, nausea, confusion, reduced urine output, shortness of breath, and itching. New or worsening symptoms — especially very little urine, chest pain, or severe breathlessness — need prompt medical attention.

Dialysis: what it involves

Dialysis takes over the kidneys' filtering job when they can no longer do it adequately. There are two main types:

• Hemodialysis: blood is filtered through a machine, typically a few times a week at a dialysis center (or at home with training)
• Peritoneal dialysis: uses the lining of your abdomen to filter blood, usually done daily at home

The right choice depends on your health, lifestyle, and preferences — this is a conversation to have with your nephrologist, ideally well before dialysis becomes necessary.

Kidney transplant

A kidney transplant is another option for some people with kidney failure, generally associated with better long-term outcomes and quality of life than dialysis alone where it's a suitable option. Eligibility and wait times vary considerably, and this is a decision made with your transplant team.

We want to be direct: complementary Ayurvedic consultation is not a substitute for dialysis or transplant, and we do not claim it can help someone avoid or delay necessary dialysis. It can be a source of complementary wellness support alongside your medical care.